The Dialectics of Open Science: Three Years since the UNESCO Recommendation
“Open science” and the Mertonian ideal The mid-twentieth-century sociologist Robert Merton, who can be said to have set out what is now termed “open science” through his norms for ideal science practices and communication, prescribed that science should be universal in what it reveals (objectivity) and constructs (free access). Via this Mertonian norm of universalism, the science community is encouraged to...